Our aim is to compare the diagnostic accuracies of a monoclonal Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) stool antigen test (mHpSAT) and a rapid urease test (RUT) in the detection of H. pylori infection. In the untreated patients, both mHpSAT and RUT were equally useful for the detection of H. pylori infection. However in the patients who underwent eradication therapy, mHpSAT was significantly better than RUT with regard to the efficiency, specificity and false positive rate. Therefore we concluded that mHpSAT is an accurate non-invasive method both for the initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection and confirmation of its eradication after therapy.